REFERENCES
Episode 1
BC Society of Transition Houses. (2021). Connectivity, Access and the Impact on BC’s Rural, Remote, and Indigenous Women Experiencing Violence. https://bcsth.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/4.-Connectivity-Access-and-the-impact-on-BC-s-Rural-Remote-and-Indigenous-Women-Expe-riencing_Violence_2021.pdf
Cahill, R., & Hoogendam, R. (2024). Insights Into Technology-Facilitated Gender- Based Violence: A Survey of Women’s Shelters and Transition House Workers Across Canada. Women’s Shelters Canada. https://techsafety.ca/files/WSC0701-Tech-Safety-Report-FINAL-EN-web.pdf
Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2023). Discussion Paper on Systemic Racism. Canadian Human Rights Commission. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/resources/publications/discussion-paper-systemic-racism
Clare’s Law in Alberta Fact sheet for the Disclosure to Protect Against Domestic Violence (Clare’s Law) Act. (2022). Government of Alberta. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/d7da8ab3-da20-47c7-8b05-6bd24233761b/resource/e6962456-5b4b-4a87-977d-81e96fca231b/download/jsg-clares-law-in-alberta-fact-sheet-2022-02.pdf
End Sexual Violence Newfoundland and Labrador. (n.d.). About Us. End Sexual Violence Newfoundland and Labrador. https://endsexualviolence.com/about-us/
Government of Canada. (2021). Canada’s Privacy Act. Government of Canda. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pa-lprp/pa-lprp.html
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2023). Clare’s Law—Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Clare’s Law. https://www.gov.nl.ca/clareslaw/
Hayes, M. (2020, September 8). RCMP in Saskatchewan not following Clare’s Law that can warn about violent partners, citing privacy issues. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-rcmp-hasnt-adopted-law-that-warns-about-violent-partners/
National Inquiry Into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry Into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (No. 1A). https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/
Provincial Association of Transition Houses and Services Saskatchewan (PATHS). (2025A). Key Insights: IPV in Saskatchewan. Provincial Association of Transition Houses and Services Saskatchewan. https://pathssk.org/key-insights-ipv-in-saskatchewan/
Provincial Association of Transition Houses and Services Saskatchewan (PATHS). (2025B). Clare’s Law. https://pathssk.org/clares-law/
Public Safety Canada. (2020). Saskatchewan Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Protocol (Clare’s Law) Act. Government of Canada. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/trnsprnc/brfng-mtrls/prlmntry-bndrs/20200708/028/index-en.aspx
Public Safety Canada. (2021). RCMP can now participate in Clare’s Law legislation in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2021/03/rcmp-can-now-participate-in-clares-law-legislation-in-saskatchewan-and-alberta.html
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2021). Saskatchewan RCMP announces participation in Clare’s Law | Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2021/saskatchewan-rcmp-announces-participation-clares-law
Sagesse. (2025). What We Do. Sagesse. https://www.sagesse.org/what-we-do/
Smith, A. (2019). Calgary police launch first-of-its-kind domestic violence response. Calgary Herald. https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgary-police-launch-first-of-its-kind-domestic-violence-response
Wang, J., & Chellapermal, P. (2023). What are Domestic Violence Disclosure Protocols—Clare’s Law? Policy Backgrounder. WomanACT. https://womanact.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WomanACT_Policy-Brief-Clares-Law.pdf
Wangmann, J. (2016). Has He Been Violent Before?: Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes. Alternative Law Journal, 41(4), 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X1604100403
Women and Gender Equality Canada. (2025). Intimate Partner Violence. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/gender-based-violence/intimate-partner-violence.html
Zhang, T., Hoddenbagh, J., McDonald, S., & Scrim, K. (2009). An Estimation of the Economic Impact of Spousal Violence in Canada, 2009. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/rr12_7/rr12_7.pdf
Episode 2
Aston, M., Price, S., Paynter, M., Sim, M., Monaghan, J., Jefferies, K., & Ollivier, R. (2021). Mothers’ Experiences with Child Protection Services: Using Qualitative Feminist Poststructuralism. Nursing Reports, 11(4), 913–928. CINAHL Complete (154521916). https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11040084
Clare’s Law Multi-Sector Review Committee Annual Report. (2023). https://pathssk.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Clares-Law-Annual-Report-2023.pdf
Department of Justice and Public Safety. (2023). Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Protocol Act Protocol Document. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. https://www.gov.nl.ca/clareslaw/files/Clares-Law-Protocol-Document-Final-Nov-3-2023.pdf
Government of Saskatchewan. (2018). Saskatchewan’s Domestic Violence Death Review Report. https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/news-and-media/2018/may/24/domestic-violence-death-review-report
Government of Saskatchewan. (2019). INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE DISCLOSURE PROTOCOL (CLARE’S LAW). Queen’s Printer. https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/101524/formats/112233/download
Government of Saskatchewan. (2020). The Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Protocol (Clare’s Law) Act Questions & Answers. Government of Saskatchewan. https://www.saskatchewan.ca/residents/justice-crime-and-the-law/victims-of-crime-and-abuse/clares-law
Hoffer, E. (2024). Failure to protect: The criminalization of survivors of intimate-partner violence. Policy Options.https://policyoptions.irpp.org/2024/03/mandatory-charging-intimate-violence/
Justice and Solicitor General. (2022). Disclosure to Protect Against Domestic Violence (Clare’s Law) Act Protocol. Government of Alberta. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/2dfe2d32-e5c7-49c7-a27c-93fa8252a095/resource/eebaf09f-98de-4edc-bbc1-239605ff39fc/download/jsg-disclosure-protect-against-domestic-violence-clares-law-act-protocol-2022.pdf
Luke’s Place. (2024). Call for a Review of Mandatory Charging Policies. Luke’s Place. https://lukesplace.ca/call-for-a-review-of-mandatory-charging-policies/
Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee. (2017). Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee 2017 Annual Report (pp. 29–37). https://cdhpi.ca/sites/cdhpi.ca/files/2017-DVDRC-Report.pdf
Ontario Women’s Justice Network. (2025). What Does Mandatory Charging Mean? Ontario Women’s Justice Network. https://owjn.org/what-does-mandatory-charging-mean/
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2021). Saskatchewan RCMP announces participation in Clare’s Law | Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2021/saskatchewan-rcmp-announces-participation-clares-law
Wang, J., & Chellapermal, P. (2023). What are Domestic Violence Disclosure Protocols—Clare’s Law? Policy Backgrounder. WomanACT. https://womanact.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WomanACT_Policy-Brief-Clares-Law.pdf
Wells, L. (2024, November 17). Looking to prior encounters with the police can help prevent domestic violence. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/looking-to-prior-encounters-with-the-police-can-help-prevent-domestic-violence-242677
Episode 3
Alberta Law Enforcement Response Teams. (2018). Assessments of the Right TRAC. Alberta Law Enforcement Response Teams. https://alert-ab.ca/assessments-on-the-right-trac/
Antle, R. (2021). N.L. again pushes back timeline to enact Clare’s Law. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/nl-clares-law-nl-protocol-regulations-1.6064114
Bell, J., Cunnah, K., & Earle, F. (2025). Understanding impact and factors that improve postvention service delivery: Findings from a study of a community-based suicide bereavement support service in England. Mortality, 30(4), 872–886. CINAHL Complete (188805025). https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2024.2417299
Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children. (n.d.). Economic Abuse: Coercive Control Tactics in Intimate Relationships. Western University. Gender-Based Violence Learning Network. https://www.gbvlearningnetwork.ca/our-work/infographics/economicabuse/index.html#:~:text=Economic%20abuse%20is%20often%20used,like%20physical%20and%20sexual%20violence.
Department of Justice and Public Safety. (2023). Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Protocol Act Protocol Document. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. https://www.gov.nl.ca/clareslaw/files/Clares-Law-Protocol-Document-Final-Nov-3-2023.pdf
Distress Centre Calgary. (2025). 211. Distress Centre. https://distresscentre.com/211-lines/
French, J. (2022A). Alberta government says it has tackled backlog of Clare’s Law applications. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-government-says-it-has-tackled-backlog-of-clare-s-law-applications-1.6491756
French, J. (2022B). Getting Info on a Partner’s Criminal History Still Too Hard in Alberta, Women’s Advocates Say. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/domestic-abuse-clares-law-alberta-1.6330387
Government of Alberta. (2025). Building a Safer Alberta. Government of Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=951681FBAB5DA-CF46-E3E1-BAD10B24842642A6#jumplinks-1
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2023). Clare’s Law—Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Clare’s Law. https://www.gov.nl.ca/clareslaw/
Justice and Solicitor General. (2022). Disclosure to Protect Against Domestic Violence (Clare’s Law) Act Protocol. Government of Alberta. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/2dfe2d32-e5c7-49c7-a27c-93fa8252a095/resource/eebaf09f-98de-4edc-bbc1-239605ff39fc/download/jsg-disclosure-protect-against-domestic-violence-clares-law-act-protocol-2022.pdf
Nova Scotia Health Authority. (2025). Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program. Nova Scotia Health Authority. https://www.nshealth.ca/sane
Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee. (2017). Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee 2017 Annual Report (pp. 29–37). https://cdhpi.ca/sites/cdhpi.ca/files/2017-DVDRC-Report.pdf
Sagesse. (n.d.). Staff. Sagesse. https://www.sagesse.org/who-we-are/staff-3/
Sagesse. (2024). State of the Field: Examining the patterns shaping our sector. https://www.sagesse.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/State-of-the-Field-2024_Final.pdf
United Way Centraide Canada. (2025). 211. United Way Centraide Canada. https://www.unitedway.ca/national-programs-and-partnerships/211-2/
Voth Schrag, R. J., Ravi, K., Robinson, S., Schroeder, E., & Padilla-Medina, D. (2021). Experiences with help seeking among non–service-engaged survivors of IPV: Survivors’ recommendations for service providers. Violence Against Women, 27(12–13), 2313–2334. APA PsycInfo(2021-81422-009). https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220963861
Wilhelm, H. (2025). Intimate partner violence reports, charges on the rise in N.L., according to RCMP data. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/intimate-partner-violence-reports-charges-rising-nl-1.7555052
Women and Gender Equality Canada. (2025). Economic Abuse. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/gender-based-violence/economic-abuse.html
Episode 4
Antle, R. (2021). N.L. again pushes back timeline to enact Clare’s Law. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/nl-clares-law-nl-protocol-regulations-1.6064114
Barlow, C., Renehan, N., & Walklate, S. (2021). Clare’s Law & Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes: Victim-Survivor Perspectives. https://journals.kent.ac.uk/index.php/feministsatlaw/article/view/1259/2300
Bent-Goodley, T. B. (2019). The Necessity of Trauma-Informed Practice in Contemporary Social Work. Social Work, 64(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swy056
Calí-Tzay, J. F. (2023). UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: Visit to Canada. United Nations Human Rights Special Procedures.
Cauduro, E., & Marques, O. (2025). “Some of those people were cops”: Examining the normalization and enabling of police violence perpetrated against Indigenous peoples in Canada. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 27(4), 476-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557251379262
Clare’s Law Multi-Sector Review Committee Annual Report. (2023). https://pathssk.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Clares-Law-Annual-Report-2023.pdf
Ending Violence Association of BC (EVAC BC). (2019). Bill M217: The Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Act - BRITISH COLUMBIA’S CLARE’S LAW [Letter]. https://endingviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CLARES-LAW-EVABC.pdf
Chiefs of Ontario. (2023). A Review of the Literature on the Risk Indicators of Intimate Partner Violence against First Nations Women, Two Spirit and Gender-Diverse People. https://chiefs-of-ontario.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/A-Review-of-The-Literature-on-the-Risk-Indicators-of-Intimate-Partner-Violence-against-First-Nations-Women-Two-Spirit-and-Gender.pdf
Cotter, A. (2022). Perceptions of and experiences with police and the justice system among the Black and Indigenous populations in Canada. Statistics Canada.https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2022001/article/00003-eng.htm
French, J. (2022A). Alberta government says it has tackled backlog of Clare’s Law applications. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-government-says-it-has-tackled-backlog-of-clare-s-law-applications-1.6491756
French, J. (2022B). Getting Info on a Partner’s Criminal History Still Too Hard in Alberta, Women’s Advocates Say. CBC News.https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/domestic-abuse-clares-law-alberta-1.6330387
Justice and Solicitor General. (2022). Disclosure to Protect Against Domestic Violence (Clare’s Law) Act Protocol. Government of Alberta. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/2dfe2d32-e5c7-49c7-a27c-93fa8252a095/resource/eebaf09f-98de-4edc-bbc1-239605ff39fc/download/jsg-disclosure-protect-against-domestic-violence-clares-law-act-protocol-2022.pdf
Hanson, E., Gamez, D., & Manuel, A. (2020). The Residential School System. In Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/residential-school-system-2020/
Hine, B., Wallace, S., & Bates, E. A. (2022). Understanding the Profile and Needs of Abused Men: Exploring Call Data from a Male Domestic Violence Charity in the United Kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(17/18), NP16992–NP17022. CINAHL Complete (159888130). https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211028014
Hine, B., Bates, E. A., & Wallace, S. (2022). “I Have Guys Call Me and Say ‘I Can’t Be theVictim of Domestic Abuse:” Exploring the Experiences of Telephone Support Providers for Male Victims of Domestic Violence and Abuse. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONALVIOLENCE, 37(7–8), NP5594–NP5625. Social Sciences Citation Index(000557091200001). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520944551
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security: Systemic Racism in Policing in Canada.Human Rights Watch. https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/432/SECU/Brief/BR11055572/br-external/HumanRightsWatch-e.pdf
Koshan, J., Wiegers, W., & Mosher, J. (2020). The Costs of Justice in Domestic Violence Cases: Mapping Canadian Law and Policy. The Justice Crisis: The Cost and Value of Accessing Law. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3851&context=scholarly_works
Little, W. (2014). Introduction to Sociology—1st Canadian Edition. BCcampus.https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/
Lowe, K., Dufour, G., Ternes, M., Stinson, V., & Giesbrecht, C. (2023). Clare’s Law.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_2171-1
Martens, K. (2025B). Manitoba NDP, PCs still trading barbs over landfill search. APTN. https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/manitoba-ndp-pcs-still-trading-barbs-over-landfill-search/
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry Into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (No. 1A). https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/
Ontario Human Rights Commission. (2018). A Collective Impact: Interim Report on the Inquiry into Racial Profiling and Racial Discrimination of Black Persons by the Toronto Police Service. Government of Ontario.
Ontario Human Rights Commission. (2024). Racism and Racial Discrimination: Systemic Discrimination (Fact Sheet). https://www3.ohrc.on.ca/en/racism-and-racial-discrimination-systemic-discrimination-fact-sheet
Oppal, W. (2012). Forsaken: The Report of the Missing Women Commission of Inquiry—Executive Summary. Missing Women Commission of Inquiry.https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/law-crime-and-justice/about-bc-justicesystem/inquiries/forsaken-es.pdf
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2025). Indian Residential Schools and the RCMP. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://rcmp.ca/en/indigenous-policing/indian-residential-schools-and-rcmp
Simonovic, D. (2019). Visit to Canada: Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences. United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3840224?ln=en&v=pdf
The Canadian Press. (2023). Manitoba Progressive Conservatives “pulling out stops” with attack ads: Analyst. CTV News. https://www.ctvnews.ca/winnipeg/article/manitoba-progressive-conservatives-pulling-out-stops-with-attack-ads-analyst/
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. https://ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf
Unick, G. J., Bassuk, E. L., Richard, M. K., & Paquette, K. (2019). Organizational trauma-informed care: Associations with individual and agency factors. Psychological Services, 16(1), 134–142. APA PsycArticles (2018-57994-001). https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000299
University of Manitoba. (2025). The History of Residential Schools. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. https://nctr.ca/education/teaching-resources/residential-school-history/
Statistics Canada. (2025). Trends in police-reported family violence and intimate partner violence in Canada, 2024. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/251028/dq251028a-eng.htm
Women and Gender Equality Canada. (2025). Economic Abuse. Government of Canada.https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/gender-based-violence/economic-abuse.html
Episode 5
Barlow, C., Renehan, N., & Walklate, S. (2021). Clare's Law & Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes: Victim-Survivor Perspectives (p. 12).
Department of Justice Canada. (2024). Publication bans for court cases [Government of Canada]. Government of Canada. https://justice.canada.ca/eng/cj-jp/victims-victimes/factsheets-fiches/bans-interdictions.html
Duggan, M. (2018). Victim hierarchies in the domestic violence disclosure scheme. International Review of Victimology, 24(2), 199–217. APA PsycInfo (2018-13117-005). https://doi.org/10.1177/0269758017749116
Ending Violence Association of BC (EVAC BC). (2019). Bill M217: The Interpersonal Violence Disclosure Act BRITISH COLUMBIA’S CLARE'S LAW [Letter]. https://endingviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CLARES-LAW-EVABC.pdf
Lowe, K., Dufour, G., Ternes, M., Stinson, V., & Giesbrecht, C. (2023). Clare's Law. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_2171-1
McCormick, A., Cohen, I., Johnston, S. (2023). Interagency Case Assessment Teams (ICATS): Best Practices in Managing Highest Risk Cases of Intimate Partner Violence. University of the Fraser Valley Centre for Public Safety & Criminal Justice Research. https://blogs.ufv.ca/cpscjr/files/2023/08/ICAT-Report-Final-Version-in-Centre-Template.pdf
Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee. (2017). Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee 2017 Annual Report (pp. 29–37). https://cdhpi.ca/sites/cdhpi.ca/files/2017-DVDRC-Report.pdf
Robinson, J. (2020). Clare’s Legacy Travels to Alberta: Undesired Consequences and Repercussions of Bill 17. Invoke Sociology Undergraduate Journal, 6(Gangs, Violence Against Women, and Medicine). https://doi.org/10.29173/invoke48992
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2025). Sexual assaults—Questions and answers. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://rcmp.ca/en/alberta/sexual-assault/sexual-assaults-questions-and-answers
Wangmann, J. (2016). Has He Been Violent Before?: Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes. Alternative Law Journal, 41(4), 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X1604100403
Wells, L. (2024). Looking to prior encounters with the police can help prevent domestic violence. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/looking-to-prior-encounters-with-the-police-can-help-prevent-domestic-violence-242677
Wells, L., Fyie, K., Kneebone, K., Boodt, C., Ruse, K., Montesanti, S., & Davidson, R. (2024). Exploring Typologies of Domestic Violence Perpetrators: Insights into Male Patterns and Behaviours (17:19). University of Calgary: School of Public Policy. https://www.policyschool.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/HSP128ExploringTypologies-Final.pdf
Episode 6
Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. (2026). Indigenous Child Welfare. Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. https://cwrp.ca/indigenous-child-welfare
Driedger, Z. (2026). Clare’s Law Now in Effect in Manitoba, Offering New Tool for those at Risk of Abuse. DiscoverWestman. Retrieved from https://www.discoverwestman.com/articles/clares-law-now-in-effect-in-manitoba- offering-new-tool-for-those-at-risk-of-abuse-2
Fallon, B., Lefebvre, R., Trocmé, N., Richard, K., Hélie, S., Montgomery, M., Bennett, M., Joh-Carnella, N., Saint-Girons, M., Filippelli, J., MacLaurin, B., Black, T., Esposito, T.,King, B., Collin-Vézina, D., Dallaire, R., Gray, R., Levi, J., Orr, M., Thomas Prokop, S. (2021). Denouncing the Continued Overrepresentation of First Nations Children in Canadian Child Welfare: Findings from the First Nations/Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2019.https://cwrp.ca/publications/denouncing-continued-overrepresentation-first-nations-children-canadian-child-welfare
First Nations Child & Family Caring Society. (2026). FNCARES. First Nations Child & Family Caring Society. https://fncaringsociety.com/fncares
Government of Manitoba (2022). The Disclosure to Protect Against Intimate Partner ViolenceAct. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. https://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/42-4/b043e.php
Government of Manitoba. (2026). Manitoba’s Clare’s Law. Government of Manitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/familylaw/safety/clares-law.html
Government of Manitoba. (2026B). Clare’s Law Application Form. Government of Manitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/familylaw/documents/clareslaw_application.pdf
Hahmann, T., Lee, H., & Godin, S. (2024). Indigenous foster children living in privatehouseholds: Rates and sociodemographic characteristics of foster children and their
households. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/41-20-0002/412000022024001-eng.pdf
Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Centre. (n.d.). The Sixties Scoop. The University of British Columbia. The University of British Columbia. https://irshdc.ubc.ca/learn/the-child-welfare-system-and-the-sixties-scoop/
Lee, H., Arriagada, P., & Congress of Aboriginal Peoples. (2025). The importance of cultural continuity in foster care for the long-term mental health of Indigenous people in Canada. Government of Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/41-20-0002/412000022025015-eng.htm
Lowe, K., Dufour, G., Ternes, M., Stinson, V., & Giesbrecht, C. (2023). Clare’s Law. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_2171-1
Ministry of Public Safety & Solicitor General. (2025). Civil Forfeiture Grant Program Annual Report 2023/2024. Government of British Columbia. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/public-safety-and-emergency-services/crime-prevention/community-crime-prevention/grants/civil_forfeiture_grant_program_annual_report_2023-24.pdf
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). ReclaimingPower and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry Into Missing and MurderedIndigenous Women and Girls (No. 1A). https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/
Quinn, A., Fallon, B., Joh-Carnella, N., & Saint-Girons, M. (2022). The overrepresentation of First Nations children in the Ontario child welfare system: A call for systemic change. Children and Youth Services Review, 139, 106558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106558
Sagesse. (2024). State of the Field: Examining the patterns shaping oursector. https://www.sagesse.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/State-of-the-Field-2024_Final.pdf
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. National Centre for Truth andReconciliation. https://ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf
Statistics Canada. (2022). Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population. Government of Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/220921/dq220921a-eng.pdf?st=LZzBUiFL
Wang, J., & Chellapermal, P. (2023). What are Domestic Violence Disclosure Protocols—Clare’s Law? Policy Backgrounder. WomanACT. https://womanact.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WomanACT_Policy-Brief-Clares-Law.pdf
Women and Gender Equality Canada. (2025). Economic Abuse. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/gender-based-violence/economic-abuse.html